Indentation testing is a non-destructive evaluation method that has become indispensable in the determination of materials’ mechanical properties. By applying a controlled force through an indenter ...

A material’s hardness relates to its mechanical resistance when subjected to mechanical indentation by another harder body. Diamond is considered the hardest natural material and is typically used for ...

Although the tool was initially developed to image non-conducting samples, its application was later realized in surface characterization at the nano and micro scale. AFM analyzes both the physical ...

Material resistance to crack growth and fracture is known as fracture toughness (K c), which determines the structural integrity of brittle materials by characterizing the rate at which energy is ...