Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling is mediated by TGFβ ligands, type 1 and type 2 receptors, and Smad proteins. TGFβ also regulates non-Smad pathways. TGFβ stimulation inhibits cancer cell ...
Fibrosis in the gossamer alveolar capillary membranes of the lung can lead to abnormalities in gas exchange, hypoxemia and death of the individual. These interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) of known or ...
Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are characterized by different degrees of inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma that are associated with progressive loss of breath, ...